SOHC or DOHC
 

What is the difference between the two, other than the obvious extra cam. Like horsepower, torque, etc.?

Theres roughly a 25 HP difference between the two and 15 Ft-lbs of tourqe. Twin cams are the better motor to mod up - If you do it to a single cam youll probably make the same power as a stock twin cam.

read up bro

Okay cool. Roughly how much horsepower/torque does the DOHC make?

SC1 = 100hp
Sc2 = 124 hp

SOHC 114 ft lbs
DOHC 122 ft lbs

91-94 SOHC
85 hp
107 ft lbs of torque.

Do any of you know how much hp/ft-lbs will be added if I put a short ram intake in my car? Like a guestimate?

Short ram manifold benefits? Guestimate. Arguably none, although the general consensence seems to be that there is a small measurable improvement on H.P. based on consistant drag strip performance and a fuel economy imporvement has been reported. Small in both cases but consistant. So my guess on S series Saturns is a questionable 2%.
But in some cases, the coolness factor has to be taken into consideration and that is quite high it seems.

What about a cold air intake? Is it basically the same as short ram, just mounted differently?

No - short ram acts like a warm air intake really, since the filter is just in the open. A cold air intake (If i am correct) is longer and the filter is placed lower into the front right corner of the engine compartment, getting closer to the actual cold air.

Both do fine (I use the short ram)

Okay. I'll just do short ram. Easier for me.